WebIn mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the mapping cylinder of a continuous function between topological spaces and is the quotient = (([,])) / where the denotes the disjoint union, and ∼ is the equivalence relation generated by (,) ().That is, the mapping cylinder is obtained by gluing one end of [,] to via the map .Notice that the "top" of the … WebWhen N is RP2 the surface is said to be formed from M by attaching a cross cap. This can also be interpreted as being obtained by removing a small open disc from M then identifying the boundary circle with the boundary circle of a Mobius band.
Notes on Basic 3-Manifold Topology - Cornell University
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Real Projective Space: An Abstract Manifold
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